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The FX Trader: Restrained USD reaction to Warsh hawkishness
Summary: Fed Chair Warsh’s hawkish posturing in his Jackson Hole, Wyoming speech sparked a US dollar rally, if a rather modest one. Does this suggest that the market is wary of projecting much additional Fed tightening relative to what the rest of the world might deliver? Elsewhere, the RBNZ is warming up for a new rate hike cycle this Wednesday, while the Bank of Canada will almost certainly sit on its hands at its policy meeting the same day.
The latest
The market was caught off guard by Fed Chair Warsh’s hawkish speech at the Fed’s Jackson Hole, Wyoming symposium on Friday. The reaction function – more in gold and US treasuries than in the stronger US dollar – was to a large degree the US Treasury’s fault. When the Bessent Treasury recently announced the doubling of long-term treasury buybacks on August 19th and the idea was even floated (according to two Treasury officials cited by CNBC’s Steve Liesman) of the Treasury using its large “General Account” to throw its weight into supporting the US treasury market, it felt like US officialdom was circling the wagons around the US treasury market. And with increasing talk in recent years of “fiscal dominance”, in which US fiscal policy priorities far outweigh anything the Fed might consider doing with monetary policy, it was thought that the new Fed chair was brought on board to support the Treasury.
Instead, Chair Warsh has consistently made all the “right” orthodox noises on Fed independence, on the need to get ahead of inflation and on the sanctity of the 2% inflation target. That was the impression at his first presser as Fed Chair back at the June FOMC meeting, and it was the impression on Friday, even if he continues to avoid explicit forward guidance for the September rate hike decision. Warsh said that the Fed has “work to do” if inflation doesn’t retreat and said that financial conditions weren’t holding the economy back, while adjusting short-term interest rates are the Fed’s “predominant tool”. His rhetoric Friday shocked US treasury yields higher, especially at the short end of the curve as more Fed tightening was brought forward. The US 2-year rose more than 10 basis points at one point and the odds of a hike at the September meeting rose above 60%. And yet, we are still talking about a “terminal” Fed policy rate, if they do resume hiking, of only 50 basis points higher than the current rate – it would likely take considerable incoming data evidence on the inflation front to take Fed expectations higher still, assuming the labor market remains in its “low hire, low fire” state. The USD spiked higher, but we only trade back to 1.1600 in EURUSD now versus 1.1640 before the Warsh speech. USDJPY has reset back to levels prevailing just before Warsh spoke – interesting to note there that Japan said it had plowed over JPY 15 trillion (close to USD 100 billion) into defending its currency over the last month, while Treasury Secretary Bessent said that the BoJ would “do the right thing” in making coming policy decisions.
Bottom line: Follow on USD strength from here would likely have to come from incoming data more than the specific implications of this speech. We’ll get a decent amount of that this week (see preview below) but also watch oil prices and next week’s CPI data point as well. The longer end of the US yield curve and whether yields are positively correlated with the US dollar or uncorrelated is also critical. Recently, long US yields and the US dollar have arguably been slightly negatively correlated if there is any relationship at all. Given the timing of the US Treasury’s soft “intervention” - its announcement of buyback increases - with the break of the benchmark 30-year T-bond yield to 19-year highs, it is logical to conclude that the next US Treasury policy measures to support the treasury market will be reached for quickly if, for example, the benchmark US 10-year treasury yield breaks sharply above the recent 4.75% cycle high that was tested multiple times.
Chart focus: EURUSD
Note how the EURUSD sell-off almost neatly reverses the reaction to the Treasury buyback announcement from August 19th. This is a short-term reset of that extension to the upside, not yet a full reversal, which only starts to threaten if the price action continues down through 1.1580 (the previous high), although a punch down through 1.1450-1.1500 would be needed to develop any downside momentum and a retest of the longer-term range lows. The upside path is simpler, as a reversal of this latest sell-off wave would suggest the recent larger bull move off the sub-1.1400 base remains intact. In the big picture, EURUSD has been impossibly mired in the 1.1400-1.1800 range for over fourteen months except for a few spikes. The pair is almost exactly in the very middle of the range of the last many months.
Looking ahead It’s a busy week ahead for US macro data as we watch whether the market extends its reaction to Fed Chair Warsh’s speech. This week we get the usual first-of-month data with the August ISM Manufacturing survey up on Tuesday, which also sees the July JOLTS job opening survey (poor quality and old-ish data, but the market reacts to surprises). On Wednesday we get the August ADP private payrolls change numbers (a typical soft +50k number expected there). On Thursday it’s the ISM Services survey. Finally, Friday sees the August jobs report ahead of the three-day Labor Day weekend. The market is expecting nonfarm payrolls growth of +50k after -23k in July, +20k in June and +63k in May. The RBNZ set to continue it hiking cycle Wednesday. Bank of Canada on Wednesday.
The Bank is expected to follow up on its first-of-the-cycle July hike with another hike on Wednesday, with the forward guidance in focus as the market sees at least two hikes over the next three meetings, including this week’s.
The Bank of Canada meeting will likely have Governor Tiff Macklem and company sitting on their hands, with little sense of being in a rush to do otherwise. Canada’s core inflation measure, the “trimmed mean” dropped to a more than five-year low in June and July of 1.9% after a persistent slide in the previous months. As well, the US and Canada are engaged in a trade tiff that will hit Canada far harder if the situation escalates.
FX Board of G10 and CNH trend evolution and strength.
Note: If unfamiliar with the FX board, please see a video tutorial for understanding and using the FX Board.
No surprise to see that the two weakest currencies (SEK, CHF) are Europe’s lowest yielding currencies, with CHF weakest while SEK is also weak from two angles: traditionally it is a pro-cyclical currency and traditionally does poorly when risk sentiment is on the defensive, but it’s more likely that the Riksbank’s low 1.75% policy rate and lack of urgency in moving that rate higher is the largest driver of SEK weakness, notable since Friday as EURSEK burst to a new 12 month high above 11.115. While the US dollar has turned around a bit in momentum terms, there is a lot more wood to chop to suggest it is powering up for a larger strengthening move. Sterling actually traded weaker Monday after BoE Governor Bailey said that the BoE would be happy to wait for a while before deciding on policy moves due to the slackening UK labor market. He also said that AI risks triggering a global economic downturn and risks to global financial stability.
Table: NEW FX Board Trend Scoreboard for individual pairs. AUDNZD is attempting to establish a new uptrend, with the Wednesday RBNZ meeting a key test there. It is far too early to point to new USD developments and the deep blue colors in so many pairs point to the very low volatility (often meeting lack of conviction in market direction) nearly everywhere outside of gold and silver.