Quarterly Outlook
Q4 Outlook for Investors: Diversify like it’s 2025 – don’t fall for déjà vu
Jacob Falkencrone
Global Head of Investment Strategy
Investment and Options Strategist
Data through market close 2025-10-13
This monitor scans US-listed options markets to identify where open interest (OI) is concentrated, where skew and IV suggest positioning, and how this translates into sentiment signals. Each edition also features a focused options deep dive on a selected underlying—where we analyze volatility structure, positioning, and flow data to better understand what market participants may be anticipating.
The silver market is in the spotlight again, and not just because of its recent price action. While SLV, the iShares Silver Trust, has rallied sharply in recent weeks, it's the underlying physical market dynamics that are beginning to influence the shape of the options chain.
Tightness in the London bullion market has caused a rare dislocation: LBMA spot silver recently traded as much as $2 above COMEX futures, suggesting immediate delivery demand is outpacing available supply. One-month lease rates have spiked, and borrow fees for SLV shares remain elevated, placing the ETF on hard-to-borrow lists across brokers. This backdrop has important implications for options traders, particularly those focused on short-dated positioning and parity-sensitive structures.
Read more about Silver and Gold in Ole Hansen's article "Commodities weekly: Debasement fears the latest focus fuelling demand for gold and silver", link below, in the related articles section.
In this deep dive, we examine SLV options with a focus on the monthly expiries of 17 October and 21 November. These two maturities were selected because they currently carry the highest concentration of open interest, and together account for the majority of institutional flow visible on the chain. October offers a short-term lens into defensive hedging and positioning into this Friday's expiry, while November gives insight into medium-term sentiment around silver's next move.
The SLV volatility surface is currently shaped by elevated demand for downside protection. In both the October and November chains, implied volatility is significantly higher for puts than for calls at the same strikes.
At the 46 strike—roughly at-the-money—the 17 October put trades with an implied volatility of 62.9%, compared to just 53.8% for the equivalent call. For the 21 November expiry, the skew is even more extreme: the 46-strike put shows 52.9% IV versus 33.4% for the call.
This reflects two key dynamics. First, defensive hedging is in demand amid heightened physical-market uncertainty. Second, SLV is hard to borrow, with stock-loan fees ranging between 11% and 14% annualised. This borrow cost feeds directly into put-call parity, pushing put values higher relative to calls. For traders, it means early exercise risk rises on deep-in-the-money calls, and synthetics may not track cleanly.
Options positioning is heavily concentrated in the 45 to 47 strike range across both expiries:
This zone likely represents a key battleground for price into Friday's expiry and beyond. Notably, both expiries show "max pain" levels well below spot: $42.00 for October and $41.00 for November, reflecting an underlying tilt toward downside hedging.
Despite that tilt, the November chain is more call-heavy, with a put/call open interest ratio of just 0.84. This contrasts with October, which leans slightly put-heavy at 1.11. In practical terms, that suggests near-term caution but medium-term interest in further upside.
Based on current option pricing:
These expected moves encapsulate the volatility premium currently baked into the chain and offer a roadmap for traders looking to structure short-term or medium-term views.
There are a few key implications for options traders:
Silver's options landscape is now being driven not just by price direction, but by stress in the underlying physical market. Tight supply, elevated borrow fees, and defensive positioning have reshaped the volatility surface and altered how traders should think about structure. Into Friday's expiry, the 45–47 zone remains the pivot, but eyes are also turning to November, where medium-term bets appear more constructive.
As always, be mindful of risk. With implied volatility already elevated, both premium buyers and sellers must carefully evaluate potential outcomes. The physical tightness may persist, but options prices already reflect a market on alert.
With the silver deep dive complete, we now turn our attention to the broader market. Below is our weekly scan of the top 20 names by 1-month open interest growth, filtered for those with at least 100,000 in options volume.
These are the tickers where traders are most aggressively positioning, rolling, or hedging—and the shifts can offer early clues about narrative changes, speculative flows, or hedging intensity. From critical minerals and crypto miners to automation and AI, these OI movers often reflect more than just price action.
Rank | Ticker | Name | Last | IV rank (%) | Total OI | 1M OI % chg | Options vol | P/C vol |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | POET | Poet Technologies | 5.32 | 65.3 | 167,200 | 52.4 | 268,900 | 0.29 |
2 | NAK | Northern Dynasty | 1.14 | 78.9 | 311,400 | 45.8 | 147,700 | 0.24 |
3 | LAC | Lithium Americas | 9.78 | 84.6 | 223,100 | 42.1 | 114,000 | 0.31 |
4 | PATH | UiPath Inc | 18.63 | 82.4 | 466,300 | 41.7 | 139,100 | 0.47 |
5 | GLD | SPDR Gold Trust | 181.22 | 64.2 | 2,338,400 | 17.8 | 223,600 | 0.71 |
6 | IBIT | iShares Bitcoin ETF | 113.68 | 56.8 | 1,439,500 | 15.6 | 187,400 | 0.36 |
7 | CIFR | Cipher Mining | 3.24 | 92.1 | 277,100 | 14.3 | 121,800 | 0.19 |
8 | WULF | Terawulf Inc | 2.87 | 49.2 | 198,700 | 14.0 | 118,000 | 0.21 |
9 | BITF | Bitfarms Ltd | 1.45 | 58.4 | 134,400 | 13.8 | 108,900 | 0.25 |
10 | USAR | USA Rare Earth | 7.32 | 67.1 | 208,100 | 13.2 | 113,000 | 0.49 |
11 | UUUU | Energy Fuels | 9.06 | 94.8 | 303,300 | 12.6 | 163,200 | 0.38 |
12 | KVUE | Kenvue Inc | 18.22 | 91.2 | 176,200 | 12.5 | 108,500 | 0.41 |
13 | BMNR | Bitmine Immersion | 0.82 | 44.5 | 118,800 | 12.4 | 101,000 | 0.28 |
14 | ONDS | Ondas Holdings | 1.16 | 36.3 | 102,600 | 12.2 | 103,900 | 0.26 |
15 | BULL | Webull Corp | 2.98 | 55.0 | 129,700 | 11.8 | 110,000 | 0.22 |
16 | XBI | Biotech ETF | 92.44 | 61.7 | 1,742,900 | 11.5 | 267,100 | 0.56 |
17 | SLV | iShares Silver Trust | 47.06 | 88.9 | 2,008,100 | 11.3 | 425,600 | 0.87 |
18 | LLY | Eli Lilly | 768.99 | 72.3 | 2,441,200 | 11.1 | 204,300 | 0.34 |
19 | MARA | Marathon Digital | 11.74 | 80.4 | 1,051,300 | 10.9 | 192,800 | 0.27 |
20 | COIN | Coinbase Global | 142.80 | 77.1 | 2,991,700 | 10.6 | 346,400 | 0.35 |
Note: Table now ranks US-listed underlyings by highest one‑month OI change, filtered to daily options volume > 100,000.
Several interesting themes emerge from this list. At the top, we see a surge in open interest for smaller-cap, resource-linked names such as Poet Technologies (POET), Northern Dynasty (NAK), and Lithium Americas (LAC). These companies may be drawing attention due to geopolitical tensions—especially the escalating U.S.–China tariff war—which are heightening focus on domestic sourcing of critical minerals and strategic supply chains.
Another standout is UiPath (PATH), where a 41.7% increase in OI accompanies an IV rank of 82.4%—suggesting not just interest, but also rising uncertainty. The high implied volatility may reflect event risk, such as earnings or product developments.
Among ETFs and large caps, GLD (gold) continues to attract attention. With a 17.8% increase in OI, high volume, and a P/C ratio of 0.71 (meaning more puts than calls traded), it may indicate portfolio hedging activity in a volatile macro backdrop.
Crypto-linked assets also feature prominently: IBIT, Cipher Mining (CIFR), Terawulf (WULF), and Bitfarms (BITF) all show OI momentum, possibly reflecting continued institutional interest in digital asset proxies as Bitcoin trades above $110k.
Volatility levels vary widely within this cohort. While UUUU, CIFR, and KVUE have implied volatility near the top of their annual range (IV ranks >90%), others like Ondas (ONDS) and WULF still sit at the lower end. This suggests that not all high-flow names come with expensive options—offering potential relative value for premium sellers.
Put/call ratios help differentiate between speculative upside positioning and hedging behavior. For instance, GLD and USAR show relatively high put/call volume ratios (>0.4), which may suggest more defensive activity, whereas most of the crypto and tech names remain call-heavy.
Unusual names like Webull Corp (BULL) and Bitmine Immersion Tech (BMNR) appear in the top 20, reinforcing the importance of screening by momentum rather than just market cap or headline exposure.