Commodities Weekly: Energy shock broadens as second-round inflation lifts metals and agriculture

Energy prices have eased modestly, with Brent and WTI both down around 3% in the week. Yet this follows a near-vertical repricing over the past month, with Brent up nearly 46% and heading for its biggest monthly rise on record, and diesel-related products posting gains above 60%. The latest pullback therefore appears more technical than fundamental, reflecting position adjustment and shifting rhetoric and most certainly not any meaningful easing in physical tightness.

Precious metals have also weakened, with gold down 2.5% and platinum-group metals under heavier pressure. This reflects a continuation of the recent liquidity-driven correction, where rising yields, a firmer dollar and broader macro stress have overshadowed safe-haven demand and the broader and long-term investment case for hard assets.

By contrast, industrial metals and agriculture are now beginning to absorb the second-round effects of the energy shock. Copper, aluminum and zinc have posted weekly gains, while grains and softs are broadly higher, signalling a shift in market focus from immediate supply disruption to rising input costs and future production risks.

Negotiations: limited progress, high uncertainty

Recent developments suggest some level of diplomatic engagement, with the U.S. delaying potential strikes on Iran’s energy infrastructure while talks are ongoing. However, statements from Iran indicate that there is no agreed framework for negotiations and that proposals on the table remain unacceptable.

This divergence in messaging highlights the fragile nature of the current situation. While selective tanker movements and temporary pauses in escalation may offer short-term relief, there is yet no clear path toward a durable resolution.

Energy: from price spike to supply squeeze

The past month has seen energy markets undergo a regime shift. What began as a geopolitical risk premium has evolved into a tangible supply shock, driven by the effective disruption of flows through the Strait of Hormuz.

A critical development now unfolding is the depletion of “oil on water.” Tankers that departed the Gulf prior to the escalation have largely completed their journeys and discharged cargoes. With limited new supply entering the market, the buffer that initially dampened price spikes is rapidly eroding.

At the same time, rerouting of vessels around the Cape of Good Hope has extended shipping times and increased costs, tightening prompt availability of both crude and refined products. This is most clearly reflected in the continued strength of diesel and jet fuel markets, where prices remain significantly elevated relative to crude, all highlighting how the market is transitioning from a futures-driven risk repricing to a physical shortage dynamic.

Why Asia is at the centre of the risk

One of the defining features of the current crisis is the asymmetric exposure across regions, with Asia emerging as the most strategically vulnerable. This is not a new development but rather the result of long-established trade flows. Prior to the war, roughly 80% of the crude passing through the Strait of Hormuz was destined for Asian refineries. Japan and South Korea sourced more than 90% and 70% of their crude imports, respectively, from the Gulf, while China and India -  despite diversification efforts - still rely on the Middle East for around half of their oil imports.

This concentration creates a structural fragility. Unlike Europe, which has partly reconfigured supply chains following the loss of Russian energy, or the U.S., which benefits from domestic production, large parts of Asia remain critically dependent on uninterrupted Gulf flows. As a result, disruptions in Hormuz do not just lift global prices; they create acute regional supply stress, forcing Asian buyers to bid aggressively for alternative cargoes, thereby amplifying global price dislocations.

Second-round effects: the shock spreads: The most important development now is that the energy shock is no longer contained within oil and gas markets. It is cascading through the global commodity complex via several key channels. In a recent report, Goldman Sachs says the Middle East conflict has created significant disruptions, with roughly 80% of the components in the Bloomberg Commodity Index (BCOM) basket being directly or indirectly exposed, either through direct supply losses or secondary effects caused by these. 

Fertilizer and food: The Gulf region plays a dominant role in global fertilizer exports, particularly urea and ammonia, both of which rely heavily on natural gas as feedstock. Disruptions to exports have already triggered a sharp rise in fertilizer prices, raising concerns about crop yields in major producing regions such as Brazil, India and the United States.

Given the well-established relationship between energy and food prices - with energy costs influencing a majority of food production and distribution expenses - this creates a clear pathway for broader food inflation in the months ahead.

Petrochemicals and consumer goods: Rising prices for naphtha and other petrochemical feedstocks are beginning to impact the cost of plastics and packaging. This represents an early-stage inflation impulse that will likely feed into a wide range of consumer goods, extending the reach of the current shock beyond raw materials markets.

Freight and logistics: Shipping disruptions and longer transit routes have effectively introduced a “logistics tax” on global trade. Higher fuel consumption, increased insurance costs and longer delivery times are all contributing to rising transportation costs, reinforcing inflationary pressures across supply chains.

Agriculture: early signs of a tightening cycle

The agriculture sector is beginning to reflect these second-round dynamics. Weekly gains across wheat, corn and soybean products highlight growing concerns around input costs and supply risks. Wheat in particular is also being supported by drought concerns in the U.S. Plains, with forecasts now showing limited chances of rain before early April and hot weather expected this week, which is likely to exacerbate dryness.

Besides cotton, which is benefitting from surging energy prices given the link to synthetic fibers, the alternative to cotton, a particularly notable development is in the sugar market where prices have reversed higher following a month-long slump to now challenge a long-established downtrend, as higher energy prices alter production economics.

Brazil, the world’s largest sugar producer and exporter, is expected to cut shipments in the 2026/27 season by 14.2%, according to Safras & Mercado. Mills are increasingly diverting sugarcane toward ethanol production to capture higher returns from biofuels linked to elevated energy prices. Total exports are projected at 29 million tons, down from 33.8 million tons in the previous season.

This shift illustrates a key mechanism through which energy markets influence agriculture: when fuel prices rise, biofuel demand increases, reducing food supply and supporting prices. It is a classic example of how energy shocks propagate into food markets.

Industrial metals: cost support over demand

Industrial metals have shown relative resilience on the week, with gains across most of the complex. However, this strength may not necessarily signal growth optimism, although the recent price slump seems to have reignited or triggered some pent-up demand for copper in China where stockpiles monitored by the Shanghai Futures Exchange following 14 weeks of rising stocks has seen a 17% drop in the past two weeks. 

Instead, it reflects rising production costs, particularly energy-intensive smelting operations, as well as logistical constraints. Higher electricity and fuel costs are effectively raising the marginal cost of supply, providing a floor under prices even in the absence of strong demand growth. This dynamic underscores a broader theme: commodities are responding to supply-side pressures rather than demand-driven expansion.

Precious metals: liquidity over geopolitics

Gold and silver has come under considerable pressure as the Middle East war triggered a broad macroeconomic shock across global markets, forcing investors to simultaneously reprice inflation, rates, growth and liquidity conditions. After many months of strong outperformance, both metals have become vulnerable - not because their strategic case has fundamentally changed, but because they had become crowded longs at a time when investors, and some central banks suddenly needed liquidity. Most notably being the Turkish Central Bank which recently recorded 50 tons drop in its holdings to 772 tons. 

Equity markets have been selling off amid rising growth concerns, as funding costs and bond yields surge on mounting inflation fears following what may be the largest disruption to global fuel supply on record. With limited remaining conventional military capacity, Iran is delivering a broad retaliatory shock through energy markets, with global spillover effects widening - most notably through the repricing of bond yields and rate cut expectations.

A key feature in recent weeks has been the inverse correlation between rising energy prices and falling precious metals. However, there are early signs that this relationship may be starting to ease, which in turn could open the door for renewed demand. For now, however, investors appear reluctant to re-engage with the longer-term hard asset narrative until both macro conditions stabilise and the technical picture turns more supportive.

This week, gold returned to and found support at its 200-day moving average, last at USD 4,113, with resistance near USD 4,600, while ETF outflows persisted - albeit at a slower pace - bringing total net selling this month to 85 tonnes, equivalent to a 2.7% reduction in holdings.  In effect, we believe gold is being sold not because its strategic case has weakened, but because it remains one of the few liquid assets still showing gains over the past year.

Conclusion: a broader inflation cycle emerging

The current market environment is no longer defined solely by an energy price spike. It is evolving into a broader commodity inflation cycle, driven by supply disruptions, rising input costs and tightening logistics.

Weekly price movements may suggest a degree of consolidation, but the underlying trend remains one of increasing systemic strain. With energy at the core and second-round effects gaining traction, the focus is shifting toward how deeply and persistently this shock will impact the global economy.

Until supply flows normalise or a credible diplomatic breakthrough emerges, the risk remains that the current phase represents not a peak, but a transition into a more entrenched inflationary regime across commodities.

Overall, the long-term investment case for commodities remains, and has probably strengthened by events this past month. It’s a sector being underpinned by structural trends such as deglobalisation, rising defence spending, de-dollarisation, decarbonisation and currency debasement, and reinforced by rising power demand, population growth, climate pressures and years of underinvestment by producers.